Generally speaking, a diving regulator is a device that controls the pressure of breathing gas for a diver. It most commonly reduces pressurized breathing gas to ambient pressure and delivers it to the diver. However, a dive regulator can also be used to control other gas pressures. Continue reading for more information. Below are some examples of regulators.
The first stage
Attached directly to the air tank of a diver, this is the first part of a dive regulator. It regulates the air pressure before it enters into the diver’s air hose. The second stage includes a mouthpiece with purge valve. This valve delivers air directly to the diver's nose and removes waste gas when needed. These two stages work in tandem to ensure a comfortable and safe dive. What are their differences, you ask? Learn more.
The first stage is comprised of two separate parts, and the second is made of a plastic material. Each stage is mechanically controlled and has a valve that regulates the gas release. The air is supplied by the first stage. While the second stage can be used for secondary purposes, it provides air for the main stage. The first stage is connected to the rebreather by means of a connector. This connector enables the diver to share air with the rebreather, allowing the diver to breathe underwater comfortably.
Mouthpiece
A mouthpiece, which is used to control your diving regulator, is an integral part of the diving apparatus. It is a rectangular tube with a flattened flange and fits between your teeth. It seals against the inside your mouth and allows you to breathe. You must keep the mouthpiece in its place by biting down on the tabs. Mouthpieces can be easily replaced and are cheap so make sure you choose the right one for your mouth.
A mouthpiece for your scuba regulator can be made of high-quality materials to withstand frequent use and long-term storage. Quality will save you both time and money. Here is a guide on regulators and mouthpieces. Learn more about maintaining your dive regulator, and how to take care of it. To learn more about how to maintain your regulator's mouthpiece, please read Do you pick-up rubbish while diving?
Exhaust valve
By manually depressing a lever or dial, the diver controls air flow through the regulator. The regulator's exhaust valve, which is only one-way, allows for exhaled oxygen to escape. The regulator is kept dry by keeping the exhaust valve closed when the diver stops exhaling. The second stage of regulator can be used as an air source. It could be a BCD inflation/deflation hose.
In one embodiment, the diver's mouthpiece and regulator are in fluid communication with one another. The diver inhales via mouthpiece 26 a and breathes through the re-located exhaust tube 24 d.
Diaphragm-type first stage
The diaphragm, or first stage, of a dive controller is made up of two parts. A lever sits within the chamber and a diaphragm. This diaphragm pushes in when there is more water pressure. This balances the air pressure and water inside. Because it prevents water from coming into contact with its internal mechanism, this type of regulator is often used by scuba divers.
The two main operational designs of diving regulators are the diaphragm and piston types. Both types of regulators sense water at ambient pressure and deliver air at a pressure similar to the surrounding body. Piston-type regulators offer greater reliability and simplicity, but also have their drawbacks. Piston-type regulators are susceptible to freezing conditions and dirty water, which is undesirable for diving. Clear water is best for recreational diving.